Showing posts with label garbage disposal. Show all posts
Showing posts with label garbage disposal. Show all posts

Saturday, October 24, 2015

My ventures in scare land





During my young days, something that scared me most was a fire. It had to something with a memory that is permanently etched in my mind. On one of those days, when I had come home from school, I had found everyone in the house collected in the backyard and looking towards something far ahead. I could see nothing because of a thick tall hedge that was planted along the fence of our house. All I saw was heavy black smoke that had ballooned in the sky like a giant black ball. I begged everyone to lift me up and show me what was happening. No one really complied with my request as they were too much engrossed in watching something that was happening. Finally, my father, taking pity on me, lifted me in his strong arms and I still vividly remember what I saw, even when so many decades have passed since. 

Our house was situated at the far end of a stretch of a wilderness area that mostly consisted of low earthen mounds interspersed with low rocky outcrops and quite a few thorny “Babhul” or Gum Arabic bushes scattered around. At the other end of the wilderness, began the low rocky foot hills of Western Ghat Mountains. As I recollect, some people connected with milk business had established a huge cowshed or a barn that was popularly known as "Gavaliwada,"  near the base of the foothills with scores of bovines tied inside to wooden poles firmly fixed in the ground. I remember my mother complaining to my father before this incident happened, about the foul smell of cow dung hanging in air all the time. The entire barn structure was supported by wooden poles with woven bamboo mats as substitute for walls and thatched roofs. Apparently, some shepherds also stayed there alongside, though in separate huts of similar construction. On that fateful day, this entire cowshed complex was lit in bright red orange flames that seemed to touch the skies. So vast was the fire, that I watched it spell bound, before my father put me down again. Readers may not believe but the fire created such a scare in my young mind then that for months later, I would see the flames in my dreams and would wake up crying. 

Being near such wilderness area and also in the vicinity of an irrigation canal, our house was often visited, by a few uninvited guests of a creepy kind. On many a days, I would see the wavy tracks left by some giant slithery visitor left in the soft clay in our yard. At least four or five times every year, these guys would cross their limits and would be found taking refuge under the moist soil in the area where a few banana trees used to thrive on wastewater in our backyard or amongst stone piles created for no specific purpose that would be lying around. My father usually shot them to pieces with his twelve bore gun. I was always scared of these guys then, but now I think that the main reason for my fear was my great grandmother, who would threaten and warn me about not going into back yard, where she used to grow vegetables; as if it was infested with snakes.

At a slightly older age, one of my uncles once took me against my mother’s wishes, to watch some horror film that had vampires in key roles. After watching the film; I was scared of vampires to the core. For long length of time afterwards, I sincerely believed that I would come across one of them with arms spread across with a scarlet robe hanging from them and glistening silvery fangs projecting out from its villainous mouth. I even dreamed of these characters sometimes.

I am aware that readers may ask me as to why am I recollecting and describing these childhood scares, when they are so much out of place and now  irrelevant. Living in the middle of the city, I must be now free from all such scares. Dear readers, nothing can be far from truth. To be frank, I am as scared even now, as I was then. My ventures in scare lands continue as before;  only the causes or reasons  have changed.

My biggest scare today is the traffic around my house. It so happens that just outside my house, there are traffic controlling lights that keep on their green-amber-red cycles throughout the day. This in theory should be a pleasing proposition, because it is supposed to bring orderliness around. But it does not, believe me! Adventurous riders and drivers of Pune consider it below their dignity or pride to obey such silly orders that too are given by a mere machine in form of blinking of some idiot coloured lights. Come red or green, they simply march ahead. Another peculiar feature of these young explorers is that whenever they realize that they need to slow down to avoid a crash with the vehicle ahead, they vent out their anger on their vehicle horn. Sitting in the house, these horn sounds give me a feeling all the time.  that I am watching a Z grade movie with an equally horrendous sound track.  Yet all this would pale in comparison, when I am actually on the road, driving my car. Usually I get dry lips and sore throat, the moment I take my car outside my compound. Like the molecular motion discovered by Einstein, modern two wheeled molecules whirr and breeze past my car from all directions; from front, back and sides of the car. I have since given up my silly old age notions like being on wrong side of a road, giving proper driving signals or not cutting corners while turning etc. etc.

Mu second big scare these days is the crowd on the streets. You can go anywhere, streets, shops, restaurants, cinema halls, book-stores; the places are always filled with people. I often wonder, whether it would be good thing not to allow people out on the streets after mid-night, like they used to do a few centuries ago. People drive at midnight like crazy, shop and eat at well past midnight. I feel terribly irritated, when I am woken up at 3 AM by loud talking and laughing of crowds merrily walking on streets, as if it is day time. I often wonder why these people do not find 12 hours of a day enough for their activities and leave night time alone, for people, who want to get some sleep.

There are some minor scares too. One is about eating out. There are so many eating joints, snack bars and restaurants near about my house that I have lost the count. They all however follow one standard, of dishing out tasteless, oily stuff that is given some high sounding French or Italian or at least Yanki name.  Even for Indian dishes, the basic brew is always found to be the same, only the additives like meat, chicken or eggs are changed. The restaurants also seem to have a wrong notion that all over India, only Punjabi food is loved and eaten. I have become so much averse to eating out these days that I try and avoid it as far as possible.

Every morning I go for a walk. Just round the corner, there is an area on the side of the road (that includes portion of foot path too) used for storing garbage heaps for onward distribution. Every morning, I see mini mountains of the collected garbage. It so happens that we have there, a very efficient supervisor, who manages to get the place devoid of any garbage efficiently managing the staff.  Last year, there was some problem with onward garbage disposals, with the result that mini mountains of garbage that I see every day, had changed to midi-mountains extending their bases to road proper. I am really scared these days about the garbage and often wonder, what would happen, if the super-efficient garbage disposal staff is unable to do their work of moving the Garbage Mountains. I shudder even to think about what may befall on us then. 

I can go on and on, but would rather restrict myself to my main tormentors of today in this tour of scare land.  Readers must have realized by now that I have always been a much scared person; as a child or as an adult. Only the villains keep changing all the time. There is no escape really.

24th October 2015  

Saturday, January 10, 2015

Garbage Crisis looming large for my home city




At the beginning of my professional career, I used to work for a giant Indian conglomerate. Those days, we did not have desk top computers and mobile phones and therefore obviously no e-mails. All inter office communications were made using pink coloured sheets of paper called memos. Many a times, I would receive memos describing some problems for which I was no way connected or concerned, yet would be asked to initiate some action. I would be in a quandary about what action I should take. I once explained this memo problem to a senior of mine and solicited his advice. He thought for a second and told me, “Sit on the memo and do nothing; the problem will disappear on its own.” I followed his advice and bingo! My memo worries were gone for ever.

It appears to me that everyone concerned with my home city Pune's garbage clearance system, seems to be following this old advice and is preferring to sit on the problem instead of trying to solve it. Unfortunately, unlike my corporate experience, the garbage problem, instead of disappearing, is transforming itself into a Godzila, ready to destroy the city's healthcare.

Before independence and even after that, Pune was a sleepy little town known as pensioner's paradise, with a population of around hundred thousand. The city garbage was collected in garbage bins and then transported to outside city limits and dumped. The arrangement was quite satisfactory till 1962, when a major disaster struck Pune in form of a flood caused by busting of a dam at Panshet. As Pune recovered, it also started growing and spreading in all directions. As new industries came in, population started growing by leaps and bounds. The city corporation started dumping garbage in an open area in a nearby village of Kothrud, near a hillock, well out of city areas on western side, since 1965. A garbage reprocessing plant was started here later.

As the city population grew, the new housing projects started coming up in once nearby village of Kothrud also, in the vicinity of Garbage depot. The people who moved in the housing there started complaining about the health hazards and foul smell, generated by the garbage depot. In 1981, the State government allotted 43 acres of land in verdant Uruli Devachi and provisioned another 120 acres of land in Phursungi village in 2003 to meet the waste-disposal demands of Pune’s indiscriminate urbanisation. In 1999, the Kothrud depot was closed down and was shifted to the two villages progressively on the eastern side of the city, Uruli Devachi and Phursungi.



Since last two or three decades, garbage problem has bifurcated and blown into two separate sub problems. First sub problem is the sorting of the Garbage and second is its disposal. In the earlier days the city garbage would consist of mainly wet garbage and some waste paper; all organic and biodegradable waste. There was no plastic waste and no one threw metal scrap in garbage, as it would fetch some value when sold to scrap dealers. Now-a-days, the city garbage consists of wet garbage, plastics and metal scrap such as cans used for drinks, which are non bio degradable. This requires the garbage to be sorted out before it is disposed off.


Rochem plant with residential buildings across the road

The city Government, looking at large-scale industrial solution to the waste disposal issue, commissioned two waste to energy plants. One operated by Hanger- Biotech to process 1000 tons of mixed waste a day. The second plant by Rochem Separation Systems (India) Private Ltd, commissioned at a cost of about Rs 1.1 Billion for 700 tonnes of garbage. These plants however cannot take any wet waste, nor can they take objects like broken ceramics junk. They can burn tyres, mattresses, shoes, etc. These plants require further sorting of garbage, before it could be used to generate energy.





Hanger Biotech plant

In a separate development, city authorities installed two vermicompost plants at Ramtekdi and Hadapsar and 16 bio-gas plants spread across the city. These plants obviously require only wet garbage, which means sorting of garbage becomes important and even more crucial.


To find a solution to the sorting of Garbage problem, city Government authorised an organisation promoted by the waste pickers’ union in Pune known by name of SwaCH. They are supposed to provide door-to-door waste collection (DTDC) and other allied waste management services. The scope of SWaCH includes collection, resource recovery, trade and waste processing. SWaCH seeks to provide decent livelihoods in the recycling industry. Through its 2300 members, SWaCH services over 4,00,000 households across 15 municipal administrative wards. SWaCH members collect segregated (dry and wet) waste, right from citizens’ doorsteps and deposit it at the designated garbage collection points. The wet waste is either processed in the housing complex or is given to the pick-up truck. The dry waste is further sorted into several categories and recycled.

The authorities have now purchased a machine that will make lives of SwaaCH people easier. The Vibro Screening Machine should ensure that ragpickers don’t have to get their hands dirty at the garbage dumps as Swaach workers won’t have to rummage through garbage. The machine, comprises of a scrubber, inclined conveyer belt and control panels. It is designed for the segregation of waste under different headers such as plastics, glass, rubber, etc. It can be used for crushing biodegradable garbage and dumping it into vermicompost bins.





 SWaCH lady workers- doing unimaginably dirty work


However there is a limit to which SwaaCH can operate and City authorities have been rightly insisting that citizens should segregate the wet garbage and dry garbage at their end. This drive has met only limited success as according to an estimate, out of total garbage of 1,700 tonnes, only around 950 tonnes are ostensibly segregated. Because of this problem the two plants set up by Hanjer Biotech at Uruli Devachi with a waste-treating capacity of 1,000 tonne, are barely able to process only 200 tonne of waste. The Rochem Separation Systems plant also is not able to work with full capacity as there are no buyers for the generated electrical power.. In a queer situation that smells of high corruption, City authorities have allowed residential buildings to come up within 50 feet from the garbage processing plant. The Maharashtra state electricity board does not allow the plant to generate electricity, because it is situated too close to residential buildings.


As city authorities grapple with sorting problems, even larger problem is shaping up as hapless villagers of Uruli and Phursungi, 16 km from the city, are agitating and want to stop dumping of waste in their villages because of health issues. They have decided to bar any garbage truck from dumping on their land as trash is getting piled up in the city. The villagers have been agitating over last several years but neither the elected representatives nor the authorities have bothered to sort out the problems.

The city is now facing unprecedented garbage crisis for which people( for non sorting of the garbage) and authorities both are equally responsible. The only silver lining on the dark clouds is provided by SwaCH, who are doing, what they were asked to do. Pune city's garbage collection and disposal system is tottering, wobbling and would have totally collapsed but for these people who are doing city's unimaginably dirty work.

The city has just won some respite, because of intervention of the chief minister of Maharashtra state. But unless the city authorities come out with some concrete plan to recycle the garbage and stop open dumping, the crisis would be back in full force soon.

10th January 2014



Sunday, March 10, 2013

The way to go


The other day, I was reading about an interview given by the chief boss of the local Municipal corporation of my home town, Pune. I was pleasantly surprised to find out that the corporation has stopped open dumping of the garbage at a site, where a garbage depot has been in existence for more than a decade since June 2010 itself.

I knew from my own experience, as a resident of this city, that at the garbage collection point itself or at primary level, the garbage is being segregated between organic waste and recyclable waste. A new organization called 'SWATCH' has been set up with the help of the corporation, that organizes the garbage collection. Around 1800 people have found employment under this programme as rag-pickers. Each of the persons covers 250-300 households everyday. The Corporation has implemented the twin-bin system – green bin for collecting the organic waste and white for recyclable waste – and charges Rupees 10 per month/house. It has also equipped the rag-pickers with hand-cart, push-cart, buckets and safety gears. Unfortunately, this segregation scheme does not seem to be working as per expectations and majority of garbage still comes to the Municipal Corporation in unsegregated form.

So far, I was always under impression, that this garbage just gets dumped in open dumping areas as a landfill. This was obviously not the case, as I learned from the interview of the commissioner. I wondered about where the unsegregated garbage collected by the corporation was actually going. In the same interview, the municipal commissioner had also talked about some new plant that has been commissioned to convert the garbage collected from city into electrical power by converting first the biodegradable waste into biogas and compost and then generating electrical power from biogas. I got quite interested in this plant as all earlier attempts of the corporation to run such plants have been completely unsuccessful.


Pune city generates about 1,300 to 1,400 tonnes of unsegregated solid waste every day. Many companies offer projects for generating energy and compost out of segregated waste, mainly biodegradable waste. Therefore it was a big risk to go a step further and set up a waste disposal plant by roping in a company with advanced technology, which can produces energy even utilising unsegregated waste. Muncipal Corporation of Pune found one such company, Concord Blue Engineering GmbH, which had proven technology with plants working in Germany and US. It had an Indian subsidiary named as Concord Blue Technology Pvt. Ltd. Pune Municipal Corporation entered into a long-term agreement with the company for setting up a plant to generate electricity from unsegregated waste through its patented and indigenously(?) developed ‘Concord Blue Tower.’ Corpration agreed to pay a processing fee of Rs. 300/- per tonne to the company and the company was free to sell the power generated. As per the agreement between Corporation and the company, which is for 25 years,, it is the corporation's responsibility to transport up to 650 tonnes of solid waste generated in the city to the ‘waste to energy’ plant, while the company’s responsibility is to process the waste on the same day, and the company has to make all the investment for the project.


A company representative says: “We can generate 1 MW of power by processing the unsegregated waste of 3 tonnes and it requires Rs. 140 Million to Rs. 150 Million for setting up a 1 MW capacity plant.” The plant set up by the company at 'Hadapsar,' a suburb of Pune city, has a capacity to generate continuously 10 MW electricity from 700 tonne waste, collected every day.


The plant, covering an area of 2,5 acres, is now processing about 300 tonnes of garbage each day and within next few months should reach its full capacity. There must have been some management change or a take over in the company because I found confusing reports about exact name of the company. Reports dated around September 2012 call this company as Concord Blue Technology Pvt. Ltd; whereas the latest reports call this company as Rochem Green Energy Pvt Ltd. Anyway, there is nothing in the name, as long as company fulfills its obligations.

Rochem Green Energy Pvt Ltd. recently had another feather in its cap. In the state of Maharashtra, a mixture of raw tobacco along with some carcinogenic substances was being sold under the name of 'Guthaka.' Sale of this mixture has been banned since last year. However companies located outside the state, continue to manufacture it and try to smuggle it inside the state. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) officials in and around Pune, had seized huge consignments of this 'gutkha' worth Millions of Rupees recently and were unable to destroy it. Rochem Green Energy's Pune plant has been now found very useful to destroy this harmful product and tonnes of 'Guthaka' has been destroyed producing electricity out of it.

Pune corporation's initiative to convert city waste to electrical power appears to have clicked, as representatives from many other places have started visiting the plant. Garbage disposal is a major problem faced by almost all Indian cities and Pune Corporation's initiative is surely a way to go ahead.

10 March 2013